Which among the following purification methods is based on the principle of “Solubility” in two different solvents?
- Column Chromatography
- Sublimation
- Differential Extraction
- Distillation
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Differential extraction is a technique used to separate components of a mixture based on their different solubilities in two immiscible solvents. This method takes advantage of the differing affinities of the components for the solvents to achieve separation.
Explanation of Differential Extraction: In this method, a mixture is dissolved in a solvent where one component is more soluble than the others. When a second solvent that does not mix with the first is added, the less soluble components will preferentially move into the second solvent. This separation can be repeated several times to improve purity.
Comparison with Other Methods:
- Column Chromatography: Uses a stationary phase and a mobile phase for separation based on different interactions, not solely solubility.
- Sublimation: Involves phase change from solid to gas and back to solid, not based on solubility.
- Distillation: Separates components based on differences in boiling points, not solubility.
Thus, the correct answer is: Differential Extraction
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Concepts Used:
Solutions
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components in which the particle size is smaller than 1 nm.
For example, salt and sugar is a good illustration of a solution. A solution can be categorized into several components.
Types of Solutions:
The solutions can be classified into three types:
- Solid Solutions - In these solutions, the solvent is in a Solid-state.
- Liquid Solutions- In these solutions, the solvent is in a Liquid state.
- Gaseous Solutions - In these solutions, the solvent is in a Gaseous state.
On the basis of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent, solutions are divided into the following types:
- Unsaturated Solution- A solution in which more solute can be dissolved without raising the temperature of the solution is known as an unsaturated solution.
- Saturated Solution- A solution in which no solute can be dissolved after reaching a certain amount of temperature is known as an unsaturated saturated solution.
- Supersaturated Solution- A solution that contains more solute than the maximum amount at a certain temperature is known as a supersaturated solution.