Which among the following purification methods is based on the principle of “Solubility” in two different solvents?
- Column Chromatography
- Sublimation
- Differential Extraction
- Distillation
The Correct Option is C
Approach Solution - 1
Differential extraction is a technique used to separate components of a mixture based on their different solubilities in two immiscible solvents. This method takes advantage of the differing affinities of the components for the solvents to achieve separation.
Explanation of Differential Extraction: In this method, a mixture is dissolved in a solvent where one component is more soluble than the others. When a second solvent that does not mix with the first is added, the less soluble components will preferentially move into the second solvent. This separation can be repeated several times to improve purity.
Comparison with Other Methods:
- Column Chromatography: Uses a stationary phase and a mobile phase for separation based on different interactions, not solely solubility.
- Sublimation: Involves phase change from solid to gas and back to solid, not based on solubility.
- Distillation: Separates components based on differences in boiling points, not solubility.
Thus, the correct answer is: Differential Extraction
Approach Solution -2
Identify the purification method that operates on the principle of differing solubility in two immiscible solvents.
Concept Used:
The principle of solubility in two different solvents is the basis for separation in liquid-liquid extraction, also known as differential extraction. This technique relies on the unequal distribution of a compound between two immiscible solvents (like water and an organic solvent) based on its relative solubility in each.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Analyze Column Chromatography. This method separates compounds based on their differential adsorption/desorption between a stationary solid phase and a mobile liquid phase, not primarily on solubility in two different liquid solvents.
Step 2: Analyze Sublimation. This method purifies solids by heating them to convert directly from solid to vapor, bypassing the liquid state. The principle is a change of state, not solubility in solvents.
Step 3: Analyze Distillation. This method separates components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points (volatilities), not their solubilities in different solvents.
Step 4: Analyze Differential Extraction. This method directly uses the principle of differing solubility. The compound to be purified is shaken with two immiscible solvents. It preferentially dissolves in one solvent based on its higher solubility, leaving impurities in the other, allowing for separation.
Hence, the purification method based on the principle of "Solubility" in two different solvents is Differential Extraction.
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Concepts Used:
Solutions
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components in which the particle size is smaller than 1 nm.
For example, salt and sugar is a good illustration of a solution. A solution can be categorized into several components.
Types of Solutions:
The solutions can be classified into three types:
- Solid Solutions - In these solutions, the solvent is in a Solid-state.
- Liquid Solutions- In these solutions, the solvent is in a Liquid state.
- Gaseous Solutions - In these solutions, the solvent is in a Gaseous state.
On the basis of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent, solutions are divided into the following types:
- Unsaturated Solution- A solution in which more solute can be dissolved without raising the temperature of the solution is known as an unsaturated solution.
- Saturated Solution- A solution in which no solute can be dissolved after reaching a certain amount of temperature is known as an unsaturated saturated solution.
- Supersaturated Solution- A solution that contains more solute than the maximum amount at a certain temperature is known as a supersaturated solution.