Question

Which of the following is a polyhydric alcohol?

• A. Ethanol
• B. Glycerol
• C. Propanol
• D. Phenol

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

A polyhydric alcohol is an alcohol that contains more than one hydroxyl (-OH) group in its molecular structure. Here's a breakdown of the given options:

• Ethanol: Its chemical formula is C₂H₅OH. It contains one hydroxyl group, making it a monohydric alcohol.
• Propanol: This alcohol also has only one hydroxyl group. Its formula is C₃H₇OH, characterizing it as a monohydric alcohol.
• Phenol: Although it contains an -OH group, phenol is aromatic and classified specifically as phenol, not an alcohol by the usual classification.
• Glycerol: This compound, with the chemical formula C₃H₈O₃, has three hydroxyl groups (OH). It is indeed a polyhydric alcohol because it possesses more than one hydroxyl group.

Therefore, the correct answer is Glycerol, as it meets the criterion of being a polyhydric alcohol.

Answer 2

Glycerol, also known as glycerin, is classified as a polyhydric alcohol because it contains three hydroxyl groups (–OH) in its molecular structure. The chemical formula for glycerol is C₃H₈O₃, which consists of a three-carbon backbone with a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon atom.

The presence of these hydroxyl groups makes glycerol highly hydrophilic, allowing it to dissolve easily in water. Glycerol is widely used in various industries, including the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, due to its moisturizing properties and ability to retain moisture. It is also used as a solvent and in the production of antifreeze and explosives.

Glycerol’s polyhydric nature, which means it has multiple hydroxyl groups, contributes to its ability to form hydrogen bonds, making it a versatile and valuable compound in both industrial and biological applications.