Which of the following have square pyramidal structure?
- XeOF4
- BrF3
- XeF4
- XeO3
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
XeOF₄ and its Structure:
- Chemical Formula: XeOF₄ (Xenon oxytetrafluoride).
- Central Atom: Xenon (Xe).
- Electron Pair Arrangement:
- Xenon has 8 valence electrons.
- 4 fluorine atoms and 1 oxygen atom are bonded to Xenon.
- 1 lone pair remains on Xenon after bonding.
- Molecular Geometry: Square pyramidal (AX5E type) due to the presence of:
- 5 bonded groups (4 fluorine atoms + 1 oxygen atom).
- 1 lone pair, which distorts the structure into a square pyramidal shape.
Key Observations:
Due to the lone pair of electrons on Xe, the molecule adopts a square pyramidal geometry. This geometry is confirmed by VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, where the lone pair repels the bonded atoms, causing this specific shape.
Conclusion:
The correct answer is: XeOF₄ has a square pyramidal structure.
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Concepts Used:
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Such a group of atoms is called a molecule. Obviously, there must be some force that holds these constituent atoms together in the molecules. The attractive force which holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species is called a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
There are 4 types of chemical bonds which are formed by atoms or molecules to yield compounds.
- Ionic Bonds - Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.
- Covalent Bonds - Compounds that contain carbon commonly exhibit this type of chemical bonding.
- Hydrogen Bonds - It is a type of polar covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen wherein the hydrogen develops a partial positive charge
- Polar Bonds - In Polar Covalent chemical bonding, electrons are shared unequally since the more electronegative atom pulls the electron pair closer to itself and away from the less electronegative atom.
Factors Affecting Bond Enthalpy in Chemical Bonding:
- Size of the Atom
- Multiplicity of Bonds
- Number of Lone Pair of Electrons Present
- Bond Angle