Silicon is the element that strongly promotes graphitization in cast iron. Graphitization refers to the process in which carbon forms graphite flakes in cast iron, improving its machinability and making it more suitable for various applications. Silicon plays a critical role in controlling the carbon content and promoting the formation of graphite structures within the iron.
Manganese, sulphur, and vanadium also affect cast iron properties, but they do not significantly promote graphitization like silicon does.