Question:

Which of the following contains sp hybridised carbon atom?

Updated On: Apr 7, 2025

  •  CH3-CH=CH-CH3

  •  CH3-C\(\equiv\)C-CH3 

  •  CH3-CH3

  • CHCI3

  •  CH3-CH-Cl

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The Correct Option is B

Approach Solution - 1

sp-hybridized carbon identification:

  • (A) CH3-CH=CH-CH3: sp2 hybridized (alkene)
  • (B) CH3-C≡C-CH3: sp hybridized (alkyne)
  • (C) CH3-CH3: sp3 hybridized (alkane)
  • (D) CHCl3: sp3 hybridized
  • (E) CH3-CH2-Cl: sp3 hybridized

Thus, the correct option is (B): CH3-C≡C-CH3.

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Approach Solution -2

1. Understanding sp hybridisation:

A carbon atom is sp hybridised when it forms a triple bond or is involved in two sigma bonds and two pi bonds. This type of hybridisation occurs in linear molecules where the bond angle is 180°.

2. Analyze each option:

  • (A) \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3 \):
    • This molecule contains a double bond (\( \text{C}=\text{C} \)). The carbons involved in the double bond are \( \text{sp}^2 \) hybridised, not \( \text{sp} \).
    • The other carbons in the molecule are \( \text{sp}^3 \) hybridised.
    • No \( \text{sp} \) hybridised carbon is present.
  • (B) \( \text{CH}_3-\text{C} \equiv \text{C}-\text{CH}_3 \):
    • This molecule contains a triple bond (\( \text{C} \equiv \text{C} \)). The carbons involved in the triple bond are \( \text{sp} \) hybridised.
    • This is the correct option as it contains \( \text{sp} \) hybridised carbon atoms.
  • (C) \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_3 \):
    • This molecule contains only single bonds. All carbons are \( \text{sp}^3 \) hybridised.
    • No \( \text{sp} \) hybridised carbon is present.
  • (D) \( \text{CHCl}_3 \):
    • This molecule contains only single bonds. The carbon atom is \( \text{sp}^3 \) hybridised.
    • No \( \text{sp} \) hybridised carbon is present.
  • (E) \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{Cl} \):
    • This molecule contains only single bonds. All carbons are \( \text{sp}^3 \) hybridised.
    • No \( \text{sp} \) hybridised carbon is present.

3. Identify the compound with \( \text{sp} \) hybridised carbon:

  • The compound that contains \( \text{sp} \) hybridised carbon atoms is \( \text{CH}_3-\text{C} \equiv \text{C}-\text{CH}_3 \), which corresponds to Option (B).

4. Final answer:

The correct option is (B) \( \text{CH}_3-\text{C} \equiv \text{C}-\text{CH}_3 \).

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Concepts Used:

Hybridisation

Hybridization refers to the concept of combining atomic orbitals in order to form new hybrid orbitals that are appropriate to represent their bonding properties. Hybridization influences the bond length and bond strength in organic compounds. 

Types of Hybridization:

sp Hybridization

sp hybridization is observed while one s and one p orbital inside the identical principal shell of an atom mix to shape two new equal orbitals. The new orbitals formed are referred to as sp hybridized orbitals.

sp2 Hybridization

sp2 hybridization is observed whilst ones and p orbitals of the same shell of an atom blend to shape three equivalent orbitals. The new orbitals formed are referred to as sp2 hybrid orbitals.

sp3 Hybridization

When one ‘s’ orbital and 3 ‘p’ orbitals belonging to the identical shell of an atom blend together to shape 4 new equal orbitals, the sort of hybridization is referred to as a tetrahedral hybridization or sp3.

sp3d Hybridization

sp3d hybridization involves the joining of 3p orbitals and 1d orbital to form 5 sp3d hybridized orbitals of identical energy. They possess trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

sp3d2 Hybridization

With 1 s three p’s and two d’s, there is a formation of 6 new and identical sp3d2 orbitals.