An ionic bond is formed when one atom transfers electrons to another atom, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions that are held together by electrostatic forces.
- H$_2$O (water): Covalent bond between hydrogen and oxygen.
- CO$_2$ (carbon dioxide): Covalent bond between carbon and oxygen.
- NaCl (sodium chloride): Ionic bond between sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ions.
- Cl$_2$ (chlorine gas): Covalent bond between two chlorine atoms.
Answer: NaCl is an example of an ionic bond, so the correct answer is option (3).
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