Question

Which of the following are present in Gram-negative bacteria?

• A. Lipopolysaccharide
• B. Teichoic acid
• C. Periplasm
• D. Endotoxin

Hint:

Gram-negative bacteria have a unique outer membrane structure containing lipopolysaccharides and endotoxins, which contribute to their pathogenicity.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A, C, D

Step 1: Understanding the components of Gram-negative bacteria.
Gram-negative bacteria have a complex cell wall structure that includes a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS). They also have a periplasmic space between the outer membrane and the cytoplasmic membrane.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.
- (A) Correct, lipopolysaccharides are a major component of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria.
- (B) Incorrect, teichoic acids are found in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria, not Gram-negative bacteria.
- (C) Correct, the periplasm is the space between the inner and outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria.
- (D) Correct, endotoxins are toxins that are part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are released when the bacteria die.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Lipopolysaccharide, periplasm, and endotoxin are present in Gram-negative bacteria.