Question

Which of the following are megalithic structures?
A. Cromlech
B. Topi kal
C. Hood-stone
D. Stambha
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A, B and D only
• B. A, B and C only
• C. A, C and D only
• D. B, C and D only

Hint:

Remember that "megalithic" usually refers to a specific prehistoric cultural phenomenon involving large stones for tombs and monuments. While later historical structures can be large and stone-built (like a Stambha), they are not part of the "megalithic culture." Note the specific South Indian examples: Topi kal and Kudakallu (Hood-stone).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Megaliths (from Greek megas "great" and lithos "stone") are prehistoric structures made of large stones, typically used for burial or ritual purposes. The question asks to identify which of the given terms represent types of megalithic structures.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- A. Cromlech: This is a term for a megalithic structure consisting of a circle of standing stones. The most famous example is Stonehenge. It is a classic megalithic monument.
- B. Topi kal: This, meaning "hat stone," is a distinctive type of megalithic cist burial found in Kerala, South India. It consists of a hemispherical laterite stone resting on the ground, resembling a hat. It is a megalithic structure.
- C. Hood-stone (Kudakallu): Meaning "umbrella stone," this is another characteristic megalithic monument from Kerala. It consists of a large, dressed clinostat that rests on four smaller clinostats, forming a structure that looks like an umbrella. It is a megalithic burial monument.
- D. Stambha: This is the Sanskrit word for a pillar or column. While often monumental and made of stone (e.g., the Ashokan pillars), stambhas belong to the historical period of Indian architecture and are not classified within the prehistoric megalithic tradition, which is primarily associated with burial and ritual complexes.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Cromlech, Topi kal, and Hood-stone are all recognized types of megalithic structures from prehistoric contexts. Stambha belongs to a different architectural and historical tradition. Therefore, A, B, and C are the correct options.