Question:

Which fungal disease spreads by seed and flowers :-

Updated On: Jul 21, 2024

Loose smut of wheat
Corn smut
Covered smut of Barley
Soft rot of potato

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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Loose smut of wheat infects the healthy wheat plants at the time of flowering. Here chlamydospores, from smutted heads (blown by the wind) germinate on the stigmas and produce infection threads, infecting the ovaries and stigma. Ultimately, the fungus continues to grow within the embryo, as the seed matures. With the germination of these infected seeds, internal dormant ftingal mycelium resumes its activity again. In covered smut of Barley, fungal spores are liberated out only by rupturing the wall of the grains, specially at the time of threshing. This type of infection takes place during the young seedling stage. Seedling infection occurs in covered smut of Barley. Shoot infection occurs in corn smut.

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Concepts Used:

Biological Classification

The process of grouping living organisms into categories is called biological classification. The most modern 5-kingdom classification was put ahead by an eminent scientist R.H.Whittaker. The five-kingdom classification is based on the criteria like cell structure, mode of nutrition, body form, and reproduction. One of the most important characteristics of this system is that it follows the evolutionary sequence of living organisms. The organisms are classified into distinct taxa or levels like Kingdom, Phylum, Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. The 5 kingdoms are as follows:

List-I (Conversion)		List-II (Shape/geometry)
(A)	1 mol of H₂O to O₂	(I)	3F
(B)	1 mol of MnO^-₄ to Mn²⁺	(II)	2F
(C)	1.5 mol of Ca from molten CaCl₂	(III)	1F
(D)	1 mol of FeO to Fe₂O₃	(IV)	5F