Question

Which country's dominance established unipolarity?

• A. Russia
• B. United States of America
• C. France
• D. China

Hint:

Exam anchor: Cold War $\rightarrow$ bipolarity; Post-1991 $\rightarrow$ unipolarity led by USA; 21st century trend $\rightarrow$ gradual multipolarity debates.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Define the term precisely. A {unipolar} international system is one in which a single state enjoys decisive superiority in military capability, economic size, technological leadership, and agenda-setting power in institutions; no other power or coalition can balance it in the short run.

Step 2: Trace the transition from bipolarity. From 1945--1991, the world was {bipolar} (USA vs USSR). The disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 removed the USA’s only true peer competitor.

Step 3: Examine indicators of dominance. Through the 1990s/2000s, the U.S. share of global defense expenditure, the worldwide network of military bases, leadership in finance (dollar system), technology (Silicon Valley), and culture (media, universities) created a unique predominance sometimes called the ``unipolar moment.''

Step 4: Eliminate distractors. Russia's power collapsed in the 1990s; China and the EU grew later but were not near-parity in that period; France is not a global hegemon by itself.

Step 5: Conclude. \[ \boxed{\text{United States of America (Option B) established the unipolar order after 1991.}} \]