Differential centrifugation
Step 1: Understanding isopycnic centrifugation. - Isopycnic centrifugation is a technique where particles migrate to a position where their buoyant density matches the surrounding medium. - This method allows separation based solely on density differences.
Step 2: Explanation of incorrect options. - (B) Gradient centrifugation: A general term, but it does not specifically refer to buoyant density-based separation. - (C) Density gradient centrifugation: A broader term, but it includes both rate-zonal and isopycnic centrifugation. - (D) Differential centrifugation: Separates based on size and mass, not buoyant density.
Step 3: Selecting the correct option. Since isopycnic centrifugation separates particles based on buoyant density, the correct answer is (A) Isopycnic centrifugation.
A closed-loop system has the characteristic equation given by: $ s^3 + k s^2 + (k+2) s + 3 = 0 $.
For the system to be stable, the value of $ k $ is:
A digital filter with impulse response $ h[n] = 2^n u[n] $ will have a transfer function with a region of convergence.