Tubular surfaces
Step 1: Understanding the structure of a calandria. - A calandria is a type of heat exchanger commonly used in evaporators and boilers. - It consists of multiple tubular surfaces, which enhance heat transfer efficiency by increasing the contact area.
Step 2: Explanation of incorrect options. - (A) Baffles: Used in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, not a defining feature of a calandria. - (B) Jackets: Found in jacketed vessels, not calandria. - (C) Outlets: Necessary for fluid flow but not a structural characteristic.
Step 3: Selecting the correct option. Since calandria primarily consists of tubular surfaces for efficient heat exchange, the correct answer is (D) Tubular surfaces.
The bulking of the sand is increased in volume from 20% to 40% of various sand and moisture content ranges from ……… to ……….. percent.
