Question

Where is the karuṇā in Buddha’s teachings?

• A. Āryāṣṭāṅgamārga
• B. Brahmavihāra
• C. Pratītyasamutpāda
• D. Āryasatya

Hint:

Mnemonic: “Ma-Ka-Mu-U” = Maitrī, Karuṇā, Muditā, Upekṣā — chār Brahmavihāras.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Karuṇā ka arth.
Karuṇā ka matlab hota hai compassion/ daya—duṣron ke dukha ko dekhkar usse dūr karne ki sahanubhūti aur pravṛtti.
Step 2: Brahmavihāra framework.
Buddha ne “Brahmavihāras” ke rūp meṁ chār uttarottar śrēṣṭh bhāvnāeṁ sikhāīṁ:
(1) Maitrī/Metta (premapūrṇa hitaiṣitā)
(2) Karuṇā (dayā)
(3) Muditā (parānanda meṁ ānand)
(4) Upekṣā (samata)
Step 3: Kahan list hotī hai?
In chāroṁ ko ek saṅghaṭit sādhanā-sūtra ke roop meṁ batāyā jātā hai—yāhī “Brahmavihāra” śreṇī hai jismeṁ Karuṇā spaṣṭ rūp se nāmānkit hotī hai.
Step 4: Anyā vikalpoṅ kī sthiti (kyon nahīṁ).
Āryāṣṭāṅgamārga: Aṭh aṅg—samyaṅ dṛṣṭi, saṅkalpa, vāk, karmānta, ājīva, vyāyāma, smṛti, samādhi—yahāṁ Karuṇā ko alag aṅg ke roop meṁ list nahi kiyā jātā.
Pratītyasamutpāda: Hetu-pratyaya se utpatti kā tattva (12-nidāna); yeh darśanik-kāraṇatā siddhānt hai, bhāvnāon kī soochi nahīṁ.
Āryasatya: Chār ārya-satya—duḥkha, samudaya, nirodha, mārga—yahāṁ bhi Karuṇā ko alag tattva ke rūp meṁ nahi gĕnā jātā.
Step 5: Anvaya—śāstrīya smaraṇ-trick.
“Ma-Ka-Mu-U” yaad rakho:Maitrī,Karuṇā,Muditā,Upekṣā—yeh chār Brahmavihāras haiṁ.
Step 6: Pariṇāma.
Islie Karuṇā kī sthiti Brahmavihāra meṁ hai; vikalp (2) saṭīk hai.