Question

When was Non-Cooperation Movement launched? What is its meaning? Mention any two main causes of it.

Hint:

The Non-Cooperation Movement was a turning point in India's struggle for independence, emphasizing peaceful protest and self-reliance.

Answer 1

Introduction to Non-Cooperation Movement:
The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920 as a direct response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the repressive policies of the British government. The movement was based on the idea of non-violent resistance and aimed at withdrawing support from British institutions and promoting self-reliance. The objective was to force the British to leave India by refusing to cooperate with their rule. Gandhi called for non-violent methods such as boycotting British goods, resigning from government jobs, and refusing to attend British schools.
Meaning of Non-Cooperation Movement:
Non-Cooperation Movement was a mass movement led by Gandhi in which Indians were urged to refuse cooperation with British authorities. The movement called for boycotting British-made goods, resigning from government jobs, and refusing to attend educational institutions run by the British. It was a peaceful and non-violent way to protest British rule and demand independence for India.
Two Main Causes of the Non-Cooperation Movement:
1. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919):
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, where hundreds of unarmed Indians were killed by British troops in Amritsar, was one of the major causes of the Non-Cooperation Movement. The brutality of the massacre enraged the Indian population and led to widespread resentment against British rule. Gandhi believed that the time had come to launch a mass movement to resist British oppression.
2. Racial Discrimination and Unjust Policies:
The racial discrimination and unjust policies imposed by the British were another cause of the Non-Cooperation Movement. The British administration had been treating Indians as second-class citizens, while the policies like the Rowlatt Act and high taxes on the poor were seen as a direct attack on Indian rights. Gandhi called for non-cooperation as a way to unite Indians against the British and demand justice.
Conclusion:
The Non-Cooperation Movement was one of the most significant events in the Indian freedom struggle. Although the movement was ultimately suspended due to the Chauri Chaura incident, it laid the foundation for future struggles for independence and strengthened the spirit of self-reliance among Indians. Gandhi's strategy of non-cooperation and non-violence continued to inspire many generations in the fight for freedom.