The reaction involved is:
\[2\text{NH}_4\text{Cl} + \text{MnO}_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \xrightarrow{\Delta} \text{MnSO}_4 + (\text{NH}_4)_2\text{SO}_4 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{Cl}_2 \uparrow\]
In this reaction, chlorine gas (\( \text{Cl}_2 \)) is liberated, which has a greenish-yellow color.
A square loop of sides \( a = 1 \, {m} \) is held normally in front of a point charge \( q = 1 \, {C} \). The flux of the electric field through the shaded region is \( \frac{5}{p} \times \frac{1}{\varepsilon_0} \, {Nm}^2/{C} \), where the value of \( p \) is: