The first Human Development Report was published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1990. This report introduced the Human Development Index (HDI) as a new way to measure a country's social and economic development, moving beyond traditional economic metrics to include factors such as life expectancy, education, and per capita income.
The first Human Development Report was published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1990. This report introduced the Human Development Index (HDI), a composite index that measures the well-being of people based on life expectancy, education, and per capita income. The Human Development Report marked a shift in focusing on human development rather than just economic growth.
Thus, the first Human Development Report was published by UNDP in 1990.
| List-I (Bronfenbrenner's Environmental Systems) | List-II (Descriptions) |
|---|---|
| A. Chronosystem | I. Consists of the setting in which the individual lives, including the person's family, peers, school, and neighborhood |
| B. Exosystem | II. Consists of the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course |
| C. Macrosystem | III. Consists of links between a social setting in which the individual does not have an active role and the individual's immediate context |
| D. Microsystem | IV. Consists of the culture in which individuals live |
| Column I (Pillars of Human Development) | Column II (Characteristics) |
|---|---|
| a. Equity | iv. Equal access of opportunities for everyone |
| b. Sustainability | iii. Each generation must ensure the availability of choices and opportunities to its future generations |
| c. Productivity | i. Providing better health facilities to everyone |
| d. Empowerment | ii. Good governance and people-oriented policies |