4.4%.
6.1%.
2.4%.
9.8%.
Step 1: Understanding India's geographical area.
India has a total land area of approximately 3.28 million square kilometers, which constitutes about 2.4\% of the total geographical area of the world. The world's total land area is approximately 148.94 million square kilometers.
Step 2: Calculation of India's percentage.
The percentage of the world's area occupied by India is calculated as: \[ \text{Percentage} = \left( \frac{\text{India's land area}}{\text{World's total land area}} \right) \times 100 \]
\[ \text{Percentage} = \left( \frac{3.28}{148.94} \right) \times 100 \approx 2.4\%. \]
Step 3: Explanation of other options.
Option (A): Incorrect. 4.4\% is too high compared to India's actual land area proportion. Option (B): Incorrect. 6.1\% is significantly higher than the actual percentage. Option (D): Incorrect. 9.8\% is nearly four times India's actual proportion.
Step 4: Conclusion.
India occupies approximately 2.4\% of the world's total geographical area. \[ \therefore \text{The correct answer is: 2.4\%.} \]
Answer the following questions:
(a) [(i)] Explain how some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans but do not kill the Bacillus.
[(ii)] How is the above mechanism exploited for the production of Bt cotton plant by biotechnologists?
(b) [(i)] Explain how the amplification of gene of interest is done using PCR.
[(ii)] State two applications of the desired amplified fragment of DNA.
The basic scheme of the essential steps involved in the process of recombinant DNA technology is summarised below in the form of a flow diagram. Study the given flow diagram and answer the questions that follow.
(a) What is the technical term used for Step 4 in the above process?
(b) Which of the given two combinations of restriction enzyme should be used in Step 1? Justify your answer.
(i) EcoR I to cut the plasmid and Hind III to cut the alien DNA.
(ii) EcoR I to cut both the plasmid and alien DNA.