Question

What is Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA)? Describe target-controlled infusion.

Hint:

Target-controlled infusion is an advanced method that allows for precise, real-time control over anaesthetic drug levels, optimizing patient safety and anaesthetic depth.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA).
TIVA is a technique of anaesthesia in which intravenous anaesthetic agents are used exclusively to induce and maintain anaesthesia, avoiding the need for inhaled volatile anaesthetics. This method provides an alternative for patients who may be sensitive to inhalation agents or in cases where maintaining a precise, controlled level of anaesthesia is essential. TIVA is commonly used in surgeries where the use of inhalation agents is contraindicated or where a more controlled and predictable anaesthetic profile is desired.

Step 2: Describing Target-Controlled Infusion (TCI).
Target-Controlled Infusion (TCI) is a method used to administer intravenous anaesthetics where the drug concentration in the blood is controlled by a computer system. The anaesthetist sets a target concentration for the drug, and a computer-controlled infusion pump adjusts the infusion rate to maintain this level in the bloodstream. TCI allows for precise control over the pharmacokinetics of the anaesthetic, providing a more consistent and stable anaesthetic depth, and minimizing the risk of overdose or underdose. The TCI system automatically adjusts the infusion rates based on real-time feedback from the patient's response.

Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct understanding of TIVA is that it uses only intravenous agents for anaesthesia, and the method of target-controlled infusion ensures that the drug concentration is controlled in a precise and accurate manner to maintain a consistent depth of anaesthesia. TIVA, combined with TCI, allows for a safer, more controlled anaesthetic experience.