Question

Enumerate various surgical positions (with examples) in the operation theatre.

Hint:

Choosing the right surgical position ensures patient safety, optimal surgical exposure, and comfort during the procedure.

Answer 1

There are several common surgical positions used in the operating theatre, each chosen depending on the type of surgery, patient comfort, and access to the surgical site. Some of the key positions are:
1. Supine position: The patient lies flat on their back with arms extended at their sides. This is the most common position and is used in abdominal, thoracic, and head/neck surgeries.
*Example*: Abdominal surgery (laparotomy).
2. Prone position: The patient lies on their stomach with the head turned to one side, and the body is supported with pillows or foam pads. This position is used for surgeries on the back or spine.
*Example*: Spinal surgery.
3. Lateral position: The patient lies on their side with one arm positioned forward and the other arm behind them, supported by pillows. This is used for surgeries on the thorax or kidney.
*Example*: Kidney surgery (nephrectomy).
4. Trendelenburg position: The patient is laid flat on their back with the legs raised higher than the head, often used in pelvic surgery to shift the abdominal organs upward.
*Example*: Pelvic surgery.
5. Reverse Trendelenburg position: The patient is positioned on their back with the head higher than the feet, often used for head and neck surgery.
*Example*: Head and neck surgery (thyroidectomy).
6. Lithotomy position: The patient lies on their back with the hips and knees flexed, and the legs supported by stirrups. This is commonly used for gynecological and urological surgeries.
*Example*: Cesarean section or pelvic surgery.