The Bunsen burner operates on the principle of combustion. It consists of a metal tube with an adjustable nozzle and air vents. The air vents control the amount of air (oxygen) mixed with the gas, which is typically methane or natural gas. The oxygen is essential for combustion. By adjusting the air supply, the flame can be changed from a yellow, smoky flame (which has incomplete combustion and cooler temperature) to a blue, non-luminous flame (which has complete combustion and a higher temperature). This principle allows precise control of the heat source, which is ideal for laboratory experiments.