Sociology is the study of society and human behavior in its various forms. It focuses on understanding the structure of social institutions, such as family, education, religion, and government, and the relationships that occur between individuals and groups within these institutions.
It explores how societal factors influence people's behavior, beliefs, and interactions. The study of social institutions and relationships is central to sociology because it helps understand patterns of behavior and social change over time.
The other options provided, such as individual psychology, biological traits, and economic systems, are studied in other disciplines like psychology, biology, and economics, respectively. Sociology, however, looks at how these factors interact within a broader social context.