Question

What is the meaning of secularism?

Hint:

The key difference to remember is: Western secularism implies strict separation of state and church (negative concept), while Indian secularism implies equal respect for all religions by the state (positive concept).

Answer 1

Step 1: Key Concept:
Secularism is a principle that advocates for the separation of religion from the state and public affairs. However, the Indian concept of secularism is unique and different from the Western model. It is a 'positive' concept that promotes peaceful co-existence of all religions.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The meaning of secularism in the Indian context includes the following key features:
1. No State Religion: The Indian state does not have any official religion. It does not establish, promote, or give preference to any particular religion.
2. Equal Respect for All Religions (Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava): The state is not anti-religion or irreligious. Instead, it respects all religions equally and protects them. Citizens are free to profess, practice, and propagate any religion of their choice (Article 25).
3. Non-discrimination on Religious Grounds: The state shall not discriminate against any citizen on the grounds of religion (Article 15). All citizens are equal in the eyes of the law, irrespective of their religious affiliation.
4. Principled Distance: Unlike the strict Western model of a 'wall of separation' between state and religion, the Indian state maintains a 'principled distance'. This means the state can intervene in religious affairs to stop social evils or to ensure that all religions are treated equally (e.g., banning untouchability, allowing temple entry for all).
The word 'Secular' was added to the Preamble of the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, making this feature explicit.