Question

What is the formal charge on hydrogen atom in water molecule?

• A. $1$
• B. $0$
• C. $-\dfrac{1}{2}$
• D. $+\dfrac{1}{2}$

Hint:

Formal charge helps in identifying the most stable Lewis structure of a molecule.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Formula for formal charge.
Formal charge is calculated using the formula:
\[ \text{Formal charge} = \text{Valence electrons} - \text{Non-bonding electrons} - \frac{\text{Bonding electrons}}{2} \]
Step 2: Formal charge on hydrogen in water.
Hydrogen has 1 valence electron and forms one single covalent bond with oxygen. It has no lone pair electrons.
\[ \text{Formal charge} = 1 - 0 - \frac{2}{2} = 0 \]
Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, the formal charge on hydrogen atom in water molecule is zero.