The botanical or scientific name of a plant is a formal system of naming using two parts (binomial nomenclature). For the Radish, which belongs to the Brassicaceae family, the correct botanical name is \textit{Raphanus sativus}.
Step 1: Analyze the options.
(A) \textit{Daucus carota}: This is the botanical name for the Carrot.
(B) \textit{Solanum tuberosum}: This is the botanical name for the Potato.
(C) \textit{Raphanus sativus}: This is the specific botanical name for the Radish. It is characterized by its edible root and pungent flavor.
(D) \textit{Beta vulgaris}: This is the botanical name for Beetroot or Chard.
Step 2: Conclusion.
By identifying the specific names of common vegetables, we find that Radish corresponds to \textit{Raphanus sativus}. Hence, the correct answer is (C).
Final Answer:
\[
\boxed{(C) \, \textit{Raphanus sativus}}
\]