What factor(s) determine(s) the magnitude of peak ground acceleration measured at a particular station due to an earthquake?
Show Hint
- Distance from the earthquake
- Rupture directivity
- Origin time of the earthquake
- Type of soil
The Correct Option is A, B, D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understand the factors affecting peak ground acceleration.
Peak ground acceleration (PGA) depends on several factors:
The distance from the earthquake epicenter (closer to the epicenter generally leads to higher PGA),
The rupture directivity (the direction of the rupture affects the intensity of shaking),
The type of soil (soft soils amplify seismic waves more than hard rocks).
The origin time (C) does not significantly affect the PGA.
Step 2: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct answer includes (A), (B), and (D).
Top Questions on Seismology
- Match LIST-I with LIST-II (Seismic Waves):\[\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline \textbf{LIST-I (Type of seismic wave)} & \textbf{LIST-II (Characteristic of particle motion)} \\ \hline \text{A. Primary Wave} & \text{III. in longitudinal direction} \\ \hline \text{B. Shear Wave} & \text{IV. is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation} \\ \hline \text{C. Love Wave} & \text{I. in horizontal plane and transverse to the direction of wave propagation} \\ \hline \text{D. Rayleigh Wave} & \text{II. in vertical plane and retrograde} \\ \hline \end{array}\]
- Consider a two-dimensional reflection experiment, where a horizontal boundary between two layers is at a depth of 500 m below the free surface. A source and geophone are placed on the free surface with an offset of 2000 m. The P-wave velocity of the top layer is 3000 m/s. The travel time of a recorded free-surface reflection multiple, which got reflected twice at the free surface, is ________ s.
In seismology, Born approximation of the scattered (perturbed) wavefield is given by \[ \delta u(\mathbf{r}, \mathbf{s}; t) \approx \int_V \delta r(\mathbf{x}) \left(u_0(\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{s}; t) _t u_0(\mathbf{r}, \mathbf{x}; t)\right) \, d\mathbf{x}. \] Here, \( _t \) denotes temporal convolution, \( \delta r(\mathbf{x}) \) is the strength of the scatterer at \( \mathbf{x} \) in volume \( V \), \( \delta u(\mathbf{r}, \mathbf{s}; t) \) is the scattered wavefield measured at the receiver \( \mathbf{r} \) from the source \( \mathbf{s} \), \( u_0(\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{s}; t) \) is the downgoing wavefield (to the scatterer at \( \mathbf{x} \) from the source \( \mathbf{s} \)) in the unperturbed medium, \( u_0(\mathbf{r}, \mathbf{x}; t) \) is the upgoing wavefield (to the receiver \( \mathbf{r} \) from the scatterer at \( \mathbf{x} \)) in the unperturbed medium.
Select the correct statement(s).
For a horizontal liquid-solid interface as shown, which one of the following ray diagrams with an incident P wave is correct? SH and SV denote shear-horizontal and shear-vertical waves, respectively.
Questions Asked in GATE GG exam
- Rohit goes to a restaurant for lunch at about 1 PM. When he enters the restaurant, he notices that the hour and minute hands on the wall clock are exactly coinciding. After about an hour, when he leaves the restaurant, he notices that the clock hands are again exactly coinciding. How much time (in minutes) did Rohit spend at the restaurant?
Is there any good show __________ television tonight? Select the most appropriate option to complete the above sentence.
- GATE CH - 2025
- GATE BT - 2025
- GATE GG - 2025
- English Grammar
- The sum of the following infinite series is: \[ 1 + \frac{1}{1!} + \frac{1}{2!} + \frac{1}{3!} + \frac{1}{4!} + \frac{1}{5!} + \dots \]
- GATE CH - 2025
- GATE BT - 2025
- GATE GG - 2025
- Sequence and Series
- A thin wire is used to construct all the edges of a cube of 1 m side by bending, cutting, and soldering the wire. If the wire is 12 m long, what is the minimum number of cuts required to construct the wire frame to form the cube?
A color model is shown in the figure with color codes: Yellow (Y), Magenta (M), Cyan (Cy), Red (R), Blue (Bl), Green (G), and Black (K). Which one of the following options displays the color codes that are consistent with the color model?
