Question

What do you mean by Satyagraha? Describe any two Satyagrahas launched by M.K. Gandhi.

Hint:

Satyagraha is not just a form of protest but a way of life that emphasizes truth, non-violence, and self-discipline.

Answer 1

Satyagraha is a term coined by Mahatma Gandhi, derived from two Sanskrit words: "Satya" (truth) and "Agraha" (firmness or insistence). It refers to the practice of non-violent resistance and civil disobedience to achieve social or political goals. Satyagraha is based on the principle of truth and the belief that non-violence is the most powerful tool for fighting injustice. Gandhi believed that through Satyagraha, people could stand up against injustice without resorting to violence.
Two Satyagrahas launched by M.K. Gandhi:
1. Champaran Satyagraha (1917):
The Champaran Satyagraha was the first successful Satyagraha movement led by Gandhi in India. It took place in the Champaran district of Bihar, where farmers were being forced to grow indigo under harsh conditions. Gandhi led the farmers in a non-violent struggle against the British planters, who had imposed unfair policies on them. The movement resulted in the British government being forced to change the conditions and grant the farmers relief, marking the first major victory for Gandhi's principles of non-violent resistance.
2. Kheda Satyagraha (1918):
The Kheda Satyagraha was launched by Gandhi in 1918 in the Kheda district of Gujarat. Farmers in the region were suffering from famine and plague, yet the British government refused to reduce the land revenue taxes. Gandhi organized the farmers to withhold payment of taxes in a peaceful manner. The movement gained support, and the government was forced to negotiate and eventually provided relief to the farmers. The success of the Kheda Satyagraha strengthened the idea of non-violent resistance as a powerful tool against British rule.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Satyagraha played a crucial role in the Indian freedom struggle. Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence and truth, coupled with the power of collective peaceful action, became a key tool in the fight against British colonialism. The Champaran and Kheda Satyagrahas are important examples of how Satyagraha was successfully used to bring about social and political change.