Question

What do you mean by Civil Disobedience Movement? Why was it launched? What was its effect?

Hint:

Civil disobedience shows how peaceful law-breaking can challenge injustice and mobilize a nation.

Answer 1

Meaning of Civil Disobedience Movement:
- The Civil Disobedience Movement was a non-violent protest against British rule in India, where people deliberately disobeyed certain laws, demands, and commands of the British government. - It involved peaceful refusal to obey unjust laws, paying taxes, and cooperating with the colonial authorities.
Reasons for Launching the Movement:


The failure of the \textit{Non-Cooperation Movement} after the Chauri Chaura incident in 192
2.
The imposition of the \textit{Simon Commission} in 1928, which had no Indian members.
The rejection of Indian demands by the British government in the \textit{Lord Irwin’s} statement.
The oppressive \textit{Salt Laws} which imposed a tax on salt, an essential commodity.
To unite Indians against British colonial rule and to demand full independence.

Effects of the Civil Disobedience Movement:


It mobilized millions of Indians from different sections of society, including peasants, workers, and women.
The Salt March led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 became a symbol of mass resistance.
It weakened British authority and exposed the exploitative nature of colonial rule.
The movement forced the British government to negotiate with Indian leaders, leading to the \textit{Gandhi-Irwin Pact} in 193
1.
It laid the foundation for the demand for complete independence (Purna Swaraj).

Conclusion:
The Civil Disobedience Movement was a turning point in India's freedom struggle, demonstrating the power of non-violent resistance and mass participation.