Question

What are the harmful effects of aerosol chemicals ?

Hint:

For exams, the most critical harmful effect to associate with aerosol chemicals like CFCs is Ozone Layer Depletion. This is the primary reason for international agreements like the Montreal Protocol to phase them out.

Answer 1

Aerosol chemicals, particularly synthetic ones like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), have significant harmful effects on the environment and human health.
\begin{enumerate} \item Ozone Layer Depletion: This is the most well-known harmful effect. When CFCs are released into the atmosphere, they rise to the stratosphere. There, ultraviolet (UV) radiation breaks them down, releasing chlorine atoms. These chlorine atoms act as catalysts, destroying thousands of ozone (\(O_3\)) molecules. The ozone layer protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation.
\item Increased UV Radiation: The depletion of the ozone layer allows more UV-B radiation to reach the Earth's surface. This can lead to: \[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{In Humans: Increased risk of skin cancer, cataracts, and weakened immune systems.} \\ \bullet & \text{In Ecosystems: Damage to phytoplankton (the base of the marine food web) and harm to plant life.} \\ \end{array}\] \item Global Warming: CFCs are also potent greenhouse gases. They trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming.
\item Air Pollution: Some aerosol sprays release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at ground level, which can contribute to the formation of smog and cause respiratory problems.
\end{enumerate}