Question

What are biofertilizers? State the role of microorganisms in their production.

Hint:

Biofertilizers are environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical fertilizers and support sustainable farming practices.

Answer 1

Step 1: What are Biofertilizers?
Biofertilizers are natural fertilizers that contain living microorganisms which help in enhancing the soil’s nutrient content, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. They promote plant growth by increasing soil fertility.
Step 2: Role of Microorganisms in Biofertilizers.
Microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., Rhizobium), mycorrhizal fungi, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria play crucial roles in biofertilizers. 1. Nitrogen Fixation: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants. 2. Phosphorus Solubilization: Some microorganisms convert insoluble phosphates into soluble forms, making them available to plants. 3. Symbiotic Relationships: Fungi like mycorrhizae form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhancing nutrient absorption.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Microorganisms in biofertilizers help plants access essential nutrients and promote sustainable agriculture.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{Biofertilizers are natural fertilizers containing microorganisms that enhance soil fertility and plant growth.}} \]