\textbf{Tip:} Surface electrodes like Welsh cup types generally have higher impedance due to indirect contact—contrast with needle electrodes which offer lower impedance.
Welsh cup electrodes are commonly used in electroencephalography (EEG) to monitor electrical activity from the scalp.
These electrodes do not penetrate the skin and rely on surface contact.
Due to the nature of their design and application area, they exhibit relatively high contact impedance.
This high impedance can introduce noise and reduce signal quality unless proper skin preparation and conductive gel are used.