Question

VAD process is a:

• A. Iron extraction process
• B. Reduction process
• C. Secondary refining process
• D. Concentration process

Hint:

The VAD (Vacuum Arc Degassing) process is used in \textbf{secondary refining} of steel to remove dissolved gases and control composition.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: What is the VAD Process?
VAD stands for Vacuum Arc Degassing. It is a type of secondary steel refining process used after the primary steelmaking in the electric arc furnace (EAF) or basic oxygen furnace (BOF). Step 2: Purpose of VAD
The VAD process is designed to: - Remove dissolved gases like hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen under vacuum. - Allow alloying under controlled temperature and pressure. - Improve steel purity and mechanical properties. Step 3: Why It's Secondary Refining
Primary steelmaking removes most impurities from molten iron. VAD, as part of the secondary refining, enhances quality and precision in steel chemistry. Step 4: Elimination of Other Options
- Iron extraction: Related to iron ore to pig iron processes.
- Reduction process: General term; not specific to VAD.
- Concentration: Applies to ore beneficiation, not steel refining. Conclusion: The VAD process is a secondary refining process used for high-grade steelmaking.