Step 1: Understand the function of a V-block.
A V-block is a precision tool used in workshops for holding cylindrical workpieces for measurement and inspection. It is designed with a "V" shaped groove that ensures the workpiece is held securely, and it is commonly used for checking the roundness and straightness of cylindrical jobs.
Step 2: Conclusion
Thus, the V-block is primarily used to check the roundness of cylindrical jobs.
Final Answer:
\[
\boxed{\text{Roundness of cylindrical job}}
\]