Question

Ultrasonographic evaluation of acute dyspnoea.

Hint:

In acute dyspnoea, ultrasound can be used as a first-line tool to quickly assess lung and pleural abnormalities, providing critical information for immediate management.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding Acute Dyspnoea.
Acute dyspnoea refers to sudden difficulty in breathing, often caused by conditions such as heart failure, pulmonary embolism, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is important to identify the underlying cause for proper management. Ultrasonography is increasingly being used in the evaluation of acute dyspnoea due to its non-invasive nature and the ability to quickly provide real-time information.

Step 2: Role of Ultrasonography in Acute Dyspnoea.
Ultrasound can be used to assess the following in patients with acute dyspnoea:
1. B-lines in the lungs: These are indicative of pulmonary oedema, commonly seen in heart failure.
2. Pleural effusion: Ultrasound can detect the presence of fluid around the lungs, which can impair breathing.
3. Diaphragmatic motion: Reduced movement of the diaphragm can indicate respiratory muscle weakness or other issues like phrenic nerve injury.

Step 3: Advantages of Ultrasound.
- Non-invasive and quick: Ultrasound can provide immediate results, making it an ideal tool for emergency settings.
- Bedside evaluation: It allows real-time, bedside assessment, which is crucial for critically ill patients.
- Safe and cost-effective: Compared to CT scans and X-rays, ultrasound is a safer and less expensive option.