Question

Respiratory acidosis.

Hint:

In cases of respiratory acidosis, management involves improving ventilation, using bronchodilators or mechanical ventilation, and treating the underlying cause of CO2 retention.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding Respiratory Acidosis.
Respiratory acidosis is a condition in which the body accumulates too much carbon dioxide (CO2), leading to a decrease in blood pH. This happens when the lungs are unable to expel enough CO2, either due to respiratory depression, obstructed airways, or impaired gas exchange in the lungs.

Step 2: Causes of Respiratory Acidosis.
Respiratory acidosis can result from:
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Decreased airflow and gas exchange.
- Asthma or pneumonia: Reduced ability to clear CO2 from the lungs.
- Obstructive sleep apnea: Intermittent airway obstruction leading to CO2 retention.
- Central respiratory depression: Caused by drug overdose (e.g., opioids) or neurological conditions.

Step 3: Diagnosis and Treatment.
Diagnosis of respiratory acidosis is confirmed by arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis showing low pH and elevated CO2 levels. Treatment focuses on correcting the underlying cause, such as improving ventilation with mechanical support or medications, and managing the CO2 retention.