Comprehension

Two students, Amiya and Ramya are the only candidates in an election for the position of class representative. Students will vote based on the intensity level of Amiya’s and Ramya’s campaigns and the type of campaigns they run. Each campaign is said to have a level of 1 if it is a staid campaign and a level of 2 if it is a vigorous campaign. Campaigns can be of two types, they can either focus on issues, or on attacking the other candidate.
If Amiya and Ramya both run campaigns focusing on issues, then
• The percentage of students voting in the election will be 20 times the sum of the levels of campaigning of the two students. For example, if Amiya and Ramya both run vigorous campaigns, then $20 × (2+2)\%$, that is, $80\%$ of the students will vote in the election.
• Among voting students, the percentage of votes for each candidate will be proportional to the levels of their campaigns. For example, if Amiya runs a staid (i.e., level 1) campaign while Ramya runs a vigorous (i.e., level 2) campaign, then Amiya will receive \(\frac{1}{3}\) of the votes cast, and Ramya will receive the other \(\frac{2}{3}\).
The above-mentioned percentages change as follows if at least one of them runs a campaign attacking their opponent.
• If Amiya runs a campaign attacking Ramya and Ramya runs a campaign focusing on issues, then $10\%$ of the students who would have otherwise voted for Amiya will vote for Ramya, and another $10\%$ who would have otherwise voted for Amiya, will not vote at all.
• If Ramya runs a campaign attacking Amiya and Amiya runs a campaign focusing on issues, then $20\%$ of the students who would have otherwise voted for Ramya will vote for Amiya, and another $5\%$ who would have otherwise voted for Ramya, will not vote at all.
• If both run campaigns attacking each other, then $10\%$ of the students who would have otherwise voted for them had they run campaigns focusing on issues, will not vote at all.

Question: 1

If both of them run staid campaigns attacking the other, then what percentage of students will vote in the election?

Updated On: Nov 29, 2024
  • 40%
  • 64%
  • 60%
  • 36%
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

If both Amiya and Ramya run staid campaigns attacking the other, we have to adjust the total voting percentage based on the effect of the attacking campaigns. Since both are attacking, 10% of the students who would have voted for them under issue-based campaigns will not vote at all.
Hence, the percentage of students who vote is \(20 × (1 + 1) − 10 = 40 − 10 = 36\%\).

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Question: 2

What is the minimum percentage of students who will vote in the election?

Updated On: Nov 29, 2024
  • 36%
  • 38%
  • 40%
  • 32%
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

The minimum percentage of students who will vote occurs when both candidates run staid campaigns and attack each other. As discussed, this results in 36% of the students voting. Hence, the minimum voting percentage is 36.

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Question: 3

If Amiya runs a campaign focusing on issues, then what is the maximum percentage of votes that she can get?

Updated On: Nov 29, 2024
  • 36%
  • 44%
  • 40%
  • 48%
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

To maximize the percentage of votes Amiya can get, we need to consider the case where Ramya attacks Amiya. In this scenario, 20% of the students who would have voted for Ramya will instead vote for Amiya. The total voting percentage will be 20 × (2 + 1) = 60%, and the distribution will be 60% Amiya and 40% Ramya.
Therefore, Amiya will get 60% of the votes.

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Question: 4

If Ramya runs a campaign attacking Amiya, then what is the minimum percentage of votes that she is guaranteed to get?

Updated On: Nov 29, 2024
  • 18%
  • 30%
  • 12%
  • 15%
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

If Ramya runs an attacking campaign against Amiya, \(20\%\) of the students who would have voted for Ramya will now vote for Amiya, and \(5\%\) of Ramya’s voters will abstain.
Thus, Ramya will be guaranteed \(20 × 1\% − 5\% = 15\%\) of the vote, which is the minimum she is guaranteed to receive.

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Question: 5

What is the maximum possible voting margin with which one of the candidates can win?

Updated On: Nov 29, 2024
  • 26%
  • 20%
  • 28%
  • 29%
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

The maximum possible voting margin would occur when one candidate wins with the highest possible vote share. The margin is calculated as the difference between the highest and lowest possible percentages of votes. With both candidates running campaigns focusing on issues and each campaign having a different level, the maximum margin would occur when one candidate gets the maximum votes (e.g., 80%) and the other gets the minimum (e.g., 51%). This results in a margin of 29%.

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