If both Amiya and Ramya run staid campaigns attacking the other, we have to adjust the total voting percentage based on the effect of the attacking campaigns. Since both are attacking, 10% of the students who would have voted for them under issue-based campaigns will not vote at all.
Hence, the percentage of students who vote is \(20 × (1 + 1) − 10 = 40 − 10 = 36\%\).
The minimum percentage of students who will vote occurs when both candidates run staid campaigns and attack each other. As discussed, this results in 36% of the students voting. Hence, the minimum voting percentage is 36.
To maximize the percentage of votes Amiya can get, we need to consider the case where Ramya attacks Amiya. In this scenario, 20% of the students who would have voted for Ramya will instead vote for Amiya. The total voting percentage will be 20 × (2 + 1) = 60%, and the distribution will be 60% Amiya and 40% Ramya.
Therefore, Amiya will get 60% of the votes.
If Ramya runs an attacking campaign against Amiya, \(20\%\) of the students who would have voted for Ramya will now vote for Amiya, and \(5\%\) of Ramya’s voters will abstain.
Thus, Ramya will be guaranteed \(20 × 1\% − 5\% = 15\%\) of the vote, which is the minimum she is guaranteed to receive.
The maximum possible voting margin would occur when one candidate wins with the highest possible vote share. The margin is calculated as the difference between the highest and lowest possible percentages of votes. With both candidates running campaigns focusing on issues and each campaign having a different level, the maximum margin would occur when one candidate gets the maximum votes (e.g., 80%) and the other gets the minimum (e.g., 51%). This results in a margin of 29%.