Question

Tubercular peritonitis.

Hint:

Prompt diagnosis and appropriate antitubercular therapy are crucial for treating tubercular peritonitis and preventing complications.

Answer 1

Tubercular peritonitis is a form of abdominal tuberculosis, resulting from the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the peritoneum. It is commonly seen in developing countries and can lead to chronic abdominal pain, ascites, and malnutrition.
Step 1: Diagnosis:
1. Clinical Symptoms: The typical presentation includes chronic abdominal pain, ascites, fever, and weight loss. Some patients may present with a palpable mass or bowel obstruction.
2. Diagnostic Imaging and Laparoscopy: CT scans and ultrasound may reveal peritoneal thickening or ascites. Laparoscopy can help confirm the diagnosis by obtaining tissue samples for biopsy.
3. Microbiological Testing: Peritoneal fluid analysis and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis help confirm the diagnosis.
Step 2: Treatment:
The treatment involves a combination of anti-tubercular medications, including rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, typically given for 6-9 months.