Question

“There are various elements on which historians have analysed the Mahabharata and called it a dynamic text.” Explain the statement with examples.

Hint:

The Mahabharata’s ability to address timeless issues like ethics, governance, and human relationships makes it a living text that evolves with societal changes.

Answer 1

The Mahabharata is considered a dynamic text by historians due to its adaptability over time and its reflection of evolving social norms. It incorporates various philosophical schools, such as Vedanta, and presents complex characters whose motivations and actions have multiple interpretations. Elements like the discourse of dharma (righteousness) and artha (material success) depict the changing ideas of governance, justice, and morality. For instance, the Bhagavad Gita, embedded within the Mahabharata, highlights philosophical dilemmas and ethical questions that transcend time. Additionally, the epic’s treatment of different social classes, its discussion of gender roles, and the depiction of war and peace make it a fluid and dynamic narrative that offers insights into changing social practices and political structures. The Mahabharata’s many layers of meaning and its continued relevance in modern times, even in popular culture, demonstrate its dynamic nature.