Question

The term heterosis is coined by _______.

• A. Hull, 1945
• B. Bruce, 1910
• C. East, 1908
• D. Shull, 1914

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

In the field of agriculture, the term "heterosis" refers to the phenomenon where the offspring of two different strains exhibit greater strength, growth, fertility, and survivability than either parent. This biological improvement of hybrids is essential for enhancing crop yields and livestock productivity. The term was coined to describe the beneficial effects observed in hybrid organisms. 

Among the options given, the term "heterosis" was coined by George Harrison Shull in the year 1914. Shull's pioneering work laid the foundation for modern hybrid breeding practices, significantly impacting agricultural science and production systems worldwide.

This breakthrough concept has led to the development and application of hybrid vigor in various crops and animals, highlighting the importance of genetic diversity and hybridization strategies in agriculture.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Shull, 1914

Answer 2

The correct answer is (4) Shull, 1914.

Heterosis, also known as hybrid vigor, refers to the phenomenon where the offspring resulting from the crossbreeding of two different species or varieties show superior qualities compared to their parents. The term was first coined by George Shull in 1914, who observed that hybrid plants often outperformed their parent plants in terms of growth, yield, and other characteristics.

Let’s review the other options:

(1) Hull, 1945: Hull contributed to the study of heterosis, especially in the context of maize, but he did not coin the term.

(2) Bruce, 1910: Bruce made significant contributions to genetics, but the term heterosis was not coined by him.

(3) East, 1908: East is known for his work on quantitative inheritance and the concept of heterosis, but the term was coined by Shull.

Thus, the correct answer is (4) Shull, 1914, as he was the one who first coined the term heterosis.