Step 1: Understanding Rayleigh scattering. - Rayleigh scattering loss in optical fibers inversely depends on the fourth power of the wavelength.
Step 2: Selecting the correct option. Since Rayleigh scattering follows \(\lambda^{-4}\), the correct answer is (C).
A closed-loop system has the characteristic equation given by: $ s^3 + k s^2 + (k+2) s + 3 = 0 $.
For the system to be stable, the value of $ k $ is:
A digital filter with impulse response $ h[n] = 2^n u[n] $ will have a transfer function with a region of convergence.