Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the anatomical structure located at the back (posterior) of the oral cavity (the mouth).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
\[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Oral Cavity: This is the mouth, the beginning of the digestive tract. } \\ \bullet & \text{Pharynx: The pharynx, commonly called the throat, is a muscular tube that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the esophagus and larynx. It is located directly behind the mouth and nasal cavity. } \\ \bullet & \text{Esophagus: This is the tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It is posterior and inferior to the pharynx. } \\ \bullet & \text{Duodenum: This is the first section of the small intestine, located after the stomach. } \\ \bullet & \text{Pancreas: This is a gland located behind the stomach. } \\ \end{array}\]
Based on the anatomical positions, the pharynx is the immediate posterior part of the oral cavity.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Therefore, the posterior part of the oral cavity is the pharynx.