Gymnosperms, including conifers and other naked seed plants, do not rely on insects or animals for pollination like many angiosperms (flowering plants) do. Instead, most gymnosperms primarily use wind for pollination. This process is called anemophily, where pollen is carried by wind to female cones or structures in the plant, allowing fertilization to occur.
- Insects and animals generally assist in the pollination of flowering plants (angiosperms), not gymnosperms.
- Water is not a common method for pollination in gymnosperms, though it can be in certain aquatic plants.
Therefore, wind plays the most significant role in pollination for gymnosperms.