Question:

The phenomena of spawning and amplexus are encountered in

Updated On: Jun 21, 2022
  • Rana hexadactyla
  • Pavo cristatus
  • Felis domestica
  • Naja naja
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Solution and Explanation

With the onset of rainy season, frogs emerge out of aestivation and immediately start breeding which lasts from July to September. Males gather in appropriate shallow waters and start croaking to attract females for mating or copulation. The male mounts upon the back of the female and grasps firmly around her thorax by his forelegs. The roughened nuptial pads on the bases of inner? fingers of male are fully developed during breeding season and help him in holding the slippery female. This sexual embrace, called amplexus, may continue for several days until the female deposits several hundred ova or eggs through her cloaca into water. This process of releasing the eggs is called spawning. The male also discharges seminal fluid containing spermatozoa over eggs to fertilize them, There is no parental care in frog.
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Concepts Used:

Frogs

A frog is any member of a miscellaneous and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians constituting the order Anura. Frogs are extensively distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the significant concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforests. Frogs account for around 88% of enduring amphibian species. They are also one of the five most varied vertebrate orders. Warty frog species tend to be termed toads, but the divergence between frogs and toads is informal, not from taxonomy or evolutionary history.

An adult frog has a stout (fat and round) body, protruding eyes, limbs folded underneath, anteriorly-attached tongue, and no tail. Frogs have glandular skin, with secretions aligning from distasteful to toxic. Their skin differs in color from well-camouflaged dappled (dots and spots) brown, grey and green to lifelike patterns of bright red or yellow and black to show toxicity and ward off predators. Adult frogs live in fresh water and on dry land and some species are adapted for living underground or in trees.

Read More: Metamorphosis: Life-Cycle of Frogs