Question

The persons taking part in the commission of an offence have been divided into two classes. They are

• A. Principal and abettors
• B. Principle and disciples
• C. Principal and accessory
• D. Debtor and holder

Hint:

For the Indian Penal Code, understand the key concepts of group liability: Common Intention (Sec 34), Common Object (Sec 149), and Abetment (Sec 107 onwards). Distinguishing between these is essential for solving problems related to joint criminal liability.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the classification of participants in the commission of an offence. This relates to the concept of joint liability in criminal law, where different individuals can be held responsible for a crime based on their roles.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
In the context of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), participants in a crime are generally classified based on their level of involvement.
- Principal Offender: The person who actually commits the crime.
- Abettor: Under Chapter V of the IPC (Sections 107-120), an abettor is someone who instigates, engages in a conspiracy for, or intentionally aids the commission of an offence. The concept of abetment covers those who assist before or at the time of the crime.
The classification "Principal and abettors" is a direct and accurate description of the different roles recognized under the IPC. The term "Accessory" (as in option C) is more commonly used in English common law and distinguishes between accessory before the fact and accessory after the fact. While the concepts are similar, "abettor" is the specific term used in the IPC. Therefore, option (A) is the most appropriate answer in the Indian legal context.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The persons taking part in the commission of an offence can be divided into Principal and abettors.