The pair of electron in the given carbanion, $CH_3C \equiv$ $C^{-}$, is present in which of the following orbitals ?
- $sp^3$
- $sp^2$
- $sp$
- $2 p$
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Carbanion and Hybridization
The given carbanion, \(CH_3C \equiv C^{-}\), has a negative charge on the carbon that is part of the triple bond (C≡C). The carbon atoms involved in the triple bond (≡) typically undergo sp hybridization to form the bonding orbitals. In this case:
- sp Hybridization: The carbon with the negative charge (C⁻) is sp-hybridized because of the triple bond. In sp hybridization, one s orbital and one p orbital mix to form two sp hybrid orbitals.
- Lone Pair: The electron pair that gives the carbanion's negative charge is present in one of these sp hybrid orbitals, where it is not involved in the bonding of the triple bond but resides as a lone pair on the negatively charged carbon.
- Lone Pair Location: Thus, the lone pair in the carbanion \(CH_3C \equiv C^{-}\) is located in an sp hybrid orbital.
Conclusion:
The lone pair of electrons in the carbanion \(CH_3C \equiv C^{-}\) resides in an sp hybrid orbital due to the nature of the triple bond and sp hybridization of the carbon atoms involved.
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Concepts Used:
Hybridisation
Hybridization refers to the concept of combining atomic orbitals in order to form new hybrid orbitals that are appropriate to represent their bonding properties. Hybridization influences the bond length and bond strength in organic compounds.
Types of Hybridization:
sp Hybridization
sp hybridization is observed while one s and one p orbital inside the identical principal shell of an atom mix to shape two new equal orbitals. The new orbitals formed are referred to as sp hybridized orbitals.
sp2 Hybridization
sp2 hybridization is observed whilst ones and p orbitals of the same shell of an atom blend to shape three equivalent orbitals. The new orbitals formed are referred to as sp2 hybrid orbitals.
sp3 Hybridization
When one ‘s’ orbital and 3 ‘p’ orbitals belonging to the identical shell of an atom blend together to shape 4 new equal orbitals, the sort of hybridization is referred to as a tetrahedral hybridization or sp3.
sp3d Hybridization
sp3d hybridization involves the joining of 3p orbitals and 1d orbital to form 5 sp3d hybridized orbitals of identical energy. They possess trigonal bipyramidal geometry.
sp3d2 Hybridization
With 1 s three p’s and two d’s, there is a formation of 6 new and identical sp3d2 orbitals.