The number of sigma bonds in vanillin is?
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Solution and Explanation
- Carbon-Carbon (C-C) bonds: Vanillin has a total of 8 carbon atoms, which are all connected to each other through single σ bonds. Therefore, there are 8 σ bonds in the carbon skeleton.
- Carbon-Oxygen (C-O) bonds: Vanillin contains three C-O bonds—one between the aldehyde functional group (-CHO) and a carbon atom, and two between the aromatic ring and oxygen atoms in the hydroxyl groups (-OH). Therefore, there are 3 σ bonds in C-O.
- Carbon-Hydrogen (C-H) bonds: Vanillin has 8 carbon atoms, and each carbon atom is bonded to hydrogen atoms. Since each C-H bond is a single σ bond, there are a total of 8 σ bonds in C-H.
Adding up the σ bonds in each category:
8 σ bonds (C-C) + 3 σ bonds (C-O) + 8 σ bonds (C-H) = 19 σ bonds
Therefore, vanillin contains 19 sigma (σ) bonds.
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Concepts Used:
Hybridisation
Hybridization refers to the concept of combining atomic orbitals in order to form new hybrid orbitals that are appropriate to represent their bonding properties. Hybridization influences the bond length and bond strength in organic compounds.
Types of Hybridization:
sp Hybridization
sp hybridization is observed while one s and one p orbital inside the identical principal shell of an atom mix to shape two new equal orbitals. The new orbitals formed are referred to as sp hybridized orbitals.
sp2 Hybridization
sp2 hybridization is observed whilst ones and p orbitals of the same shell of an atom blend to shape three equivalent orbitals. The new orbitals formed are referred to as sp2 hybrid orbitals.
sp3 Hybridization
When one ‘s’ orbital and 3 ‘p’ orbitals belonging to the identical shell of an atom blend together to shape 4 new equal orbitals, the sort of hybridization is referred to as a tetrahedral hybridization or sp3.
sp3d Hybridization
sp3d hybridization involves the joining of 3p orbitals and 1d orbital to form 5 sp3d hybridized orbitals of identical energy. They possess trigonal bipyramidal geometry.
sp3d2 Hybridization
With 1 s three p’s and two d’s, there is a formation of 6 new and identical sp3d2 orbitals.