Understanding the chemistry of lead-acid batteries, including the materials of the plates and their reactions, can aid in troubleshooting and improving battery life and performance.
The negative plates of a lead-acid battery are made from spongy lead. During the battery's discharge cycle, the spongy lead (Pb) reacts with the sulphuric acid electrolyte, forming lead sulphate (PbSO$_4$), while the positive plates, made of lead dioxide (PbO$_2$), undergo a similar transformation.
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