Question

The molecule which has zero dipole moment is

• A. $CH_3Cl$
• B. $NF_3$
• C. $BF_3$
• D. $ClO_2$

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

The molecules having distorted geometry have dipole moment and those having regular geometry have zero dipole moment. $\because NH_3, CH_3Cl\, and\, ClO_2$ have distorted geometry.$\therefore$ They have dipole moment. $\because BF_3$ has regular triangular planar geometry and thus, the dipole moment of$BF_3$ is zero.

Answer 2

Due to the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms, the bond formed between them has a dipole moment. Through the charges and the space between them, it gauges the strength of the polarity. Thus, it is a vector variable because it indicates how the partial flow of the electrons in the bond will go from the more positively charged atom or species in the molecule to the more electronegatively charged species. The charge of the species is measured in coulombs, and the distance between them is measured in meters. Its unit is the coulomb meter or Debye. when there are more than two atoms in the molecule and more than one link.
 
Dichloromethane, CH₂Cl₂, has two C-H bonds with dipole moments pointing in the direction of the carbon atom and two C-F bonds with dipole moments pointing outward. As a result, the dipole moments are amplifying one another, and the red arrow indicates that there is a dipole moment overall that is not zero.

The lone pair and unsymmetrical structure of the NF₃ molecules, which have a pyramidal shape, give them an overall positive dipole moment.
The two C=O bonds in the ClO₂ molecule are also in opposition to one another, but the lone pair on the chlorine atom prevents the dipole from being canceled.