Question:

The ionic carbide is:

Updated On: Mar 7, 2024
  • $ ZnC $
  • $ SiC $
  • $ Ca{{C}_{2}} $
  • $ TiC $
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The Correct Option is C

Approach Solution - 1

Calcium carbide is an ionic carbide. It is basically an acetalyde i.e., having following structure. $ C{{a}^{2+}}{{(C==C)}^{2-}} $ Other carbides are covalent carbides.
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Approach Solution -2

The correct option is (C): CaC2

Calcium carbide \((CaC_2​)\) is ionic as it is an ionic compound rest are covalent carbides.

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Approach Solution -3

In chemistry, the word ‘carbide’ is used to describe a compound that is composed of carbon and a metal. Carbides are generally categorized due to the presence of chemical bonds. These are salt-like or ionic carbides, interstitial carbides, covalent carbides, and intermediate transition metal carbides.

Complete step-by-step answer:

The ionic carbides are also known as saline carbides or salt-like carbides. They contain highly electropositive elements such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and also group-3 elements. Ionic carbides contain discrete carbon anions of the forms \(C^{4-}\) called methanides which are obtained from methane, \(C_2^{2-}\) called acetylides and derived from acetylene, \(C_3^{4-}\) called allylides and though derived from allene.

Since calcium is an alkaline earth metal, it forms an ionic carbide containing the acetylide anion \(C_2^{2-}\) which is a calcium carbide i.e., \(CaC_2\)

Therefore, option C is correct.

  • The zinc carbide contains zinc which is a less electropositive element. Therefore, it is not an ionic carbide, and thus option A is wrong.
  • For being a complete covalent, only two carbides are considered and they are formed by elements that are similar to carbon in electronegativity and size such as boron and silicon. Silicon carbide \((SiC)\) is a covalent carbide that is also known as carborundum and is prepared by the reduction of silicon dioxide with elemental carbon. Therefore, option B is not correct.
  • The metallic or interstitial carbides are formed by the elements of group 4, group 5, and group 6 transition metals. They have metallic properties and are also called interstitial compounds. Titanium is from a group 4 element and so its carbide \(TiC\) is interstitial. Therefore, option D is not correct.

Note: In the chemical industry, calcium carbide acts as a source of acetylene which is formed by the reaction of calcium carbide with water.

\(CaC_2 + 2H_2O→C_2H_2 + Ca(OH)_2\)

The reaction of calcium carbide with nitrogen to form calcium cyanamide \(CaCN_2\)  is an important industrial reaction as calcium cyanamide is excessively used as a fertilizer.

\(CaC_2 + N_2→CaCN_2 + C\)

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Concepts Used:

Alkynes

In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. Alkynes are an organic molecule that contains triple bonds between the carbon atoms. Its general formula is CnH2n-2. They are also known as acetylenes. In this article, we will deal with the structure of alkynes.

Isomerism in Alkynes:

Alkynes show three types of isomerism

  1. Chain isomerism - Due to the different arrangement of carbon atoms in the chain that is straight chain or branched.
  2. Position isomerism - Due to the difference in the location of the triple bond.
  3. Functional isomerism - Isomeric with alkadienes both being represented by the general formula CnH2n-1. 

Properties of Alkynes:

Physical Properties:

  • Non-polar, unsaturated hydrocarbons.
  • Highly soluble in organic and non-polar solvents and slightly soluble in polar solvents.
  • High boiling point, in comparison to other hydrocarbons.
  • Release a high amount of energy due to the repulsion of electrons in a reaction.
  • More acidic than alkanes and alkenes due to SP hybridization.

Chemical Properties:

  • Hydrogenation - Alkynes undergoes two types of hydrogenation reactions. Complete hydrogenation (in presence of Pd-C/ H2) and partial hydrogenation (in presence of Linder’s catalyst/H2).
  • Act as a strong nucleophile by converting into acetylide. 
  • React with BH3 and undergo hydroboration reactions to form aldehydes and ketones.
  • Undergo halogenation reactions in the presence of different halogenating agents by different mechanisms and forms haloalkanes.