Question

The formal charge on central oxygen atom in ozone is

• A. +1
• B. -1
• C. 0
• D. +2

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

In ozone (O\(_3\)), the central oxygen atom is bonded to two oxygen atoms. The structure of ozone involves resonance, with one structure showing a double bond between the central oxygen and one oxygen atom and a single bond between the central oxygen and the other oxygen atom. To calculate the formal charge on the central oxygen, we use the formal charge formula: \[ \text{Formal charge} = V - (N + \frac{B}{2}) \] where: 
\( V \) is the number of valence electrons of the atom.
\( N \) is the number of non-bonding electrons on the atom.
\( B \) is the number of electrons shared in bonds with adjacent atoms. For the central oxygen in ozone:
Valence electrons of oxygen = 6 (since oxygen is in group 16).
The central oxygen has one lone pair (2 electrons) and is involved in two bonds, each with 2 electrons (totaling 4 electrons in bonds). So the formal charge is: \[ \text{Formal charge} = 6 - (2 + \frac{6}{2}) = 6 - (2 + 3) = 6 - 5 = +1 \] Thus, the formal charge on the central oxygen atom is +1.

The correct option is (A): +1

Answer 2

To calculate the formal charge on the central oxygen atom in ozone (\( O_3 \)), we use the formula for formal charge: \[ \text{Formal charge} = V - (L + \frac{B}{2}) \] where: 
\( V \) is the number of valence electrons of the atom,
\( L \) is the number of lone pair electrons on the atom,
\( B \) is the number of bonding electrons.

For ozone, the Lewis structure shows that the central oxygen atom forms one double bond and one single bond with the other oxygen atoms. Each oxygen atom has lone pairs, and the central oxygen has one lone pair. - The central oxygen atom has 6 valence electrons (since oxygen is in group 16). - It has one lone pair, which contributes 2 electrons, and shares 6 electrons through bonds with the other oxygen atoms (two bonds: one double and one single). The formal charge on the central oxygen atom is: \[ \text{Formal charge} = 6 - (2 + \frac{6}{2}) = 6 - (2 + 3) = 6 - 5 = +1 \] Thus, the formal charge on the central oxygen atom in ozone is \({+1} \).