Question

The ability of the nervous system, especially the brain, to adapt to the environment and replace function following damage is known as:

• A. Lateralization
• B. Localization
• C. Neuroplasticity
• D. Neural degeneration

Hint:

Remember the root word "plastic," which means "moldable" or "changeable." Neuroplasticity means the nervous system is changeable, allowing it to adapt to new experiences or recover from injury.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the term that describes the brain's capacity to change, reorganize, and form new connections, particularly in response to learning, experience, or injury.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
(A) Lateralization: This refers to the specialization of functions in either the left or right hemisphere of the brain. For example, language is typically lateralized to the left hemisphere. This does not describe the brain's ability to adapt.
(B) Localization: This is the theory that specific functions (like speech or vision) are located in specific areas of the brain. It is the opposite of the idea that the brain is a holistic, adaptable organ.
(C) Neuroplasticity: Also known as brain plasticity, this term refers to the brain's ability to reorganize its structure, functions, and connections throughout life. This adaptability allows the brain to recover from damage, such as a stroke, by having healthy areas take over the functions of the injured parts.
(D) Neural degeneration: This is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, often associated with diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. It is the opposite of adaptation and recovery.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The ability of the brain to adapt and reorganize, especially after damage, is correctly termed neuroplasticity.